Process of casting iron in permanent molds.



1,097,847, ented May 26, 1914.

E. A. GUSTER.

PROCESS OF CASTING IRON IN PERMANENT MOLDS.

APPLIGATION FILED OUT. 26, 1910.

Pat

Q Vi/ImQ/wao 5 wue wtoz UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

EDGAR A. CUSTEB, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR TO THE CUSTER SANDLESS CASTING COMPANY, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA, A CORPORA- TION OF DELAWARE.

PROCESS OF CASTING IRON IN PERMANENT HOLDS.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented May 26, 1914.

Application filed October 26, 1910. Serial No. 589,117.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, EDGAR A. CUSTER, a citizen of the United States, residing at Philadelphia, in the State of Pen'nsylvania, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Processes of Casting Iron in Permanent Molds, of which the following is a specification.

Heretofore considerable difficulty has been experienced in casting iron in permanent meta-l molds because of the harmful effects of the hot molten metal upon the edges of the gates and because of the tendency of the molds to crank in proximity to the gates. I have discovered that if the molten metal, prior to entering the matrix, can be brought into contact with the body of the mold, the harmful efiects of the molten metal will be greatly reduced and furthermore that the metal will set more deeply within a given period of time after it has been introduced into the matrix of the mold, thus producing a desirable casting.

In the accompanying drawings: Figure 1 represents a side view partly in section of one form of mold adapted for carrying out my improved process in the making of a pipe fitting. Fig. 2 represents a plan view of the same.

In practising my improved process the molten metal is caused to contact with the body of the mold before passing through the gate into the matrix of the mold. This may be accomplished by forming a reservoir for the molten metal in the body of the mold itself, and connecting this reservoir of molten metal with the matrix of the mold by a narrow passage having a less capacity than the reservoir so that every part of the molten metal will be brought into contact with the body of the mold either in the reservoir or in the passage to the matrix. The molten metal within the matrix is cooled swiftly to the point of setting, or is caused to set as poured, and the casting is removedfrom the mold as soon as the metal has set and is allowed to cool gradually to atmospheric temperature.

In the drawings one form of mold adapted for carrying out the process is shown, wherein a permanent metal mold comprising parts or sections a hinged together in any suitable manner as at b, is provided with a sprue 0 located at a considerable distance relatively from the gate d of the mold, and communicating therewith by a passage e. The capacity of the sprue is considerably greater than the capacity of the gate, so that the sprue will form a reservoir for the molten metal which will be brought into contact with the body of the mold either in the sprue or while flowing through the passage and the gate into the matrix f, to form the casting 9 which is formed around the removable cores h. The flow of the molten metal from the sprue to the matrix is thus interrupted or checked so that the molten metal will remain in contact with the mold outside of the matrix, an appreciable period of time. This contact of the molten metal with the body of the mold prior to entering the matrix will affect the process of crystallization in the casting and cause the casting to set more deeply than otherwise. Consequently a casting will be produced having a fine crystalline structure, and which may be easily machined. The cracking of the mold will also be prevented, and the life of the mold prolonged.

From the above description it will be seen that the process consists essentially in taking the sting out of the metal before it enters the mold, in order to prevent too quick setting and consequently giving 'too. little time for the removal of the casting. If the molten metal be introduced directly into the matrix, it will be subject to what might be called a momentum of cooling which will carry the temperature to a point below that desired. By the present process this is eliminated by reducing the temperature differential between the metal and the mold before the metal enters the mold and after it is out of the air whereby too sudden cooling in the matrix is avoided.

I claim as my'invention:

1. The process of casting iron in permanent molds, which consists in reducing the temperature of the molten metal by causing same to contact with the material of the mold an appreciable'period of time prior to entering the matrix, then causing the metal to set, and then removing the casting from the mold.

2. The process of casting iron in permanent molds, which consists in modifying a narrow passage having its sides of heatconducting material, by which the metal is c oled appreciably before entering the matrix and removing the casting from the matrix as soon as the metal has set.

3. The process of casting iron in permanent metal molds, which consists in formin a reservoir of molten metal in the mol causing the molten metal to pass from the reservoir through a passage having less capacity than the reservoir into the matrix, so that all of the molten metal shall come into contact with the metal of the mold and be cooled appreciably thereby and removing the casting from the matrix as soon as the metal is set.

4:. The process of casting iron in permanent metal molds which consists in checking the flowof the molten metal from the 'sprue into the matrix so as to retain same an appreciable period of time within the mold but outside the matrix so that all of the molten metal shall come into contact with the metal of the mold, and removing the casting from the matrix as soon as the metal has set.

This specification signed and witnessed this 15th day of October, A. D., 1910.

EDGAR A. CUSTER.

Signed in the presence of AMBROSE L. OSHEA, N. A. SMITH. 

